RESEARCH ABSTRACTS
Dr. Duke's Biological Activities in: Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) -- Mangosteen, Mangostin
New Research Articles in PDF
Study on Liver, Stomach and Lung Cancer Treatment with Xanthones
PUB MED ARTICLES
Note: Each of these articles can be located at the pub
med web-site at: (http://www4.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi)
Just type in the word "mangostin" and the article abstracts will appear. Additional research can be found by using "mangosteen", "xanthone", and "xanthones" as search words.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and
prostaglandin E2 synthesis by gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in
mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells.
Nakatani K, Nakahata N,
Arakawa T, Yasuda H, Ohizumi Y.
Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki,
Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan.
The fruit hull of mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L., has been used for
many years as a medicine for treatment of skin infection, wounds, and
diarrhea in
J Med Assoc Thai
1997 Sep;80 Suppl 1:S149-54
Immunopharmacological activity
of polysaccharide from the pericarb of mangosteen
garcinia: phagocytic intracellular killing activities.
Chanarat P, Chanarat N,
Fujihara M, Nagumo T.
Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences,
Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
Polysaccharides from the pericarbs of mangosteen,
Garcinia mangostana Linn., was obtained by treating
the dried ground pericarbs with hot water followed
by ethanol precipitation (M fraction). The extract was fractionated by
anion exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column as MDE1-5 fractions.
The fractions of MDE3 and MDE4 composed of mainly D-galacturonic acid
and a small amount of neutral sugar (L-arabinose as the major one and
L-rhamnose and D-galactose as the minor ones) were studied for immunopharmacological
activities by phagocytic test to intracellular bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis)
and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and superoxide generation tests. The results
showed that the number of S. enteritidis in cultured monocyte with extract
of pericarb of mangosteen (MDE3) was killed.
Activating score (mean +/- SD) of NBT test of 100 polymorphonuclear phagocytic
cells were 145 +/- 78, 338 +/- 58, 222 +/- 73, 209 +/- 77, 211 +/- 63,
372 +/- 19, 369 +/- 20, 355 +/- 34 in normal saline control, phorbol myristate
acetate (PMA), MDE3, MDE4, indomethacin (I), PMA + MDE3, PMA + MDE4 and
PMA + I, respectively. Superoxide generation test was also done by color
reduction of cytochrome c. Both MDE3 and MDE4 stimulate superoxide production.
The number of S. enteritidis in cultured monocyte with extract of pericarb
of mangosteen was killed. This paper suggests that polysaccharides in
the extract can stimulate phagocytic cells and kill intracellular bacteria
(S. enteritidis).
Free Radic Res 2000 Nov;33(5):643-59
Inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation
by prenylated xanthones derived from mangostin.
Mahabusarakam W, Proudfoot J,
Taylor W, Croft K.
Chemistry Department, Prince of Songkla University,
Hat Yai, Thailand.
Oxidative damage is thought to play a critical role in cardiovascular
and other chronic diseases. This has led to considerable interest in the
antioxidant activity of dietary compounds. Flavonoids have received the
most attention and much is known about the structural requirements for
antioxidant activity. However, little is known about the antioxidant activity
of other plant derived phenolic compounds such as the xanthones. We have
previously shown that the prenylated xanthone, mangostin, can inhibit
the oxidation of low density lipoprotein. In order to examine the effects
of structure modification on antioxidant activity of this class of compound
we have prepared a number of derivatives of mangostin and tested antioxidant
activity in an isolated LDL and plasma assay. The results of this study
show that structural modification of mangostin can have a profound effect
on antioxidant activity. Derivatisation of the C-3 and C-6 hydroxyl groups with either methyl, acetate, propane diol
or nitrile substantially reduces antioxidant activity. In contrast, derivatisation of C-3 and C-6 with aminoethyl
derivatives enhanced antioxidant activity, which may be related to changes
in solubility. Cyclisation of the prenyl chains
had little influence on antioxidant activity.
J Pharm Pharmacol 1996 Aug;48(8):861-5
Antibacterial activity of xanthones
from guttiferaeous plants against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus.
Iinuma M, Tosa H, Tanaka
T, Asai F, Kobayashi Y, Shimano R, Miyauchi K.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Extracts of Garcinia mangostana (Guttiferae) showing inhibitory effects
against the growth of S. aureus NIHJ 209p were fractionated according
to guidance obtained from bioassay and some of the components with activity
against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were characterized.
One active isolate, alpha-mangostin, a xanthone derivative, had a minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.57-12.5 micrograms mL-1. Other related
xanthones were also examined to determine their anti-MRSA activity. Rubraxanthone, which was isolated from Garcinia dioica and
has a structure similar to that of alpha-mangostin, had the highest activity
against staphylococcal strains (MIC = 0.31-1.25 micrograms mL-1), an activity
which was greater than that of the antibiotic vancomycin (3.13-6.25 micrograms
mL-1). The inhibitory effect against strains of MRSA of two of the compounds
when used in conjunction with other antibiotics was also studied. The
anti-MRSA activity of alpha-mangostin was clearly increased by the presence
of vancomycin; this behaviour was not observed
for rubraxanthone. The strong in-vitro antibacterial activity
of xanthone derivatives against both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus suggests the compounds might find wide pharmaceutical
use.
Planta Med 1996 Aug;62(4):381-2
Active constituents against HIV-1
protease from Garcinia mangostana.
Chen SX, Wan M, Loh
BN.
The ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L. (Guttiferae) showed potent
inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. The activity-guided purification
of the extract resulted in the isolation of two active, known compounds.
The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by
spectroscopic analyses as mangostin (IC50 = 5.12 +/- 0.41 microM)
and gamma-mangostin (IC50 = 4.81 +/- 0.32 microM).
The type of inhibition by both compounds is noncompetitive.
Links to More Research on the Xanthones as found in the Mangosteen
